Kupanga ulusi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamakina a CNC.The Machining khalidwe ndi dzuwa la ulusi zimakhudza mwachindunji Machining khalidwe la mbali ndi dzuwa kupanga malo Machining.
Ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a cnc Machining malo ndi kukonza kwa zida zodulira, njira yolumikizira imakhalanso bwino nthawi zonse, komanso kulondola komanso kuchita bwino kwa ulusi kumakhalanso bwino pang'onopang'ono.Kuti athandize akatswiri kusankha njira zopangira ulusi pokonza, kukonza bwino kupanga ndikupewa ngozi zabwino, njira zingapo zolumikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira makina a CNC zimafotokozedwa mwachidule motere:
1. Dinani njira yopangira
1.1 Gulu ndi mawonekedwe a tap processing
Kugwiritsa ntchito matepi pokonza mabowo okhala ndi ulusi ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yopangira.Makamaka oyenera mabowo ulusi ndi diameters yaing'ono (D<30) ndi otsika dzenje udindo malo olondola zofunika.
M'zaka za m'ma 1980, njira zosinthira zogwiritsira ntchito zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabowo opangidwa ndi ulusi, ndiko kuti, chuck yosunthika idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti igwire mpopiyo, ndipo chuck yoponyera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito polipira axial kubwezera chakudya chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi chakudya chosasunthika cha makina. chida ndi liwiro lozungulira la spindle.Perekani cholakwika kuti mutsimikizire mawu olondola.The flexible tapping chuck ali ndi dongosolo zovuta, kukwera mtengo, kuwonongeka mosavuta ndi otsika processing dzuwa.M'zaka zaposachedwa, magwiridwe antchito a malo opangira makina a CNC asintha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ntchito yokhotakhota yokhazikika yakhala masinthidwe oyambira a CNC Machining Center.
Chifukwa chake, kugogoda kolimba kwakhala njira yayikulu yolumikizira pakali pano.
Ndiko kuti, pampopiyo amamangidwa ndi kolala yolimba, ndipo chakudya cha spindle ndi liwiro la spindle zimayendetsedwa ndi chida cha makina.
Poyerekeza ndi chuck yosinthasintha, kasupe wa kasupe ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, mtengo wotsika, ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Kuphatikiza pa kugwira matepi, imathanso kukhala ndi zida monga mphero zomaliza ndi zobowolera, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa mtengo wa zida.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kugwedeza kolimba kungagwiritsidwe ntchito podula kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo opangira makina azikhala bwino komanso amachepetsa mtengo wopanga.
1.2 Kutsimikiza kwa dzenje lapansi lopangidwa ndi ulusi musanamenye
Kukonzekera kwa dzenje la pansi pa ulusi kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wa mpopi komanso ubwino wa ulusi wopangira ulusi.Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa kubowola pansi kwa ulusi kumasankhidwa pafupi ndi malire apamwamba a kulolerana kwa dzenje lakuya pansi,
Mwachitsanzo, dzenje lapansi la dzenje la M8 la ulusi ndi Ф6.7 + 0.27mm, ndipo m'mimba mwake mobowola ndi Ф6.9mm.Mwa njira iyi, malipiro a makina a pampopi amatha kuchepetsedwa, katundu wa mpopiyo akhoza kuchepetsedwa, ndipo moyo wautumiki wa mpopi ukhoza kusinthidwa.
1.3 Kusankhidwa kwa matepi
Posankha kampopi, choyamba, chopopera chofananiracho chiyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa.Kampani yopanga zida imapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matepi malinga ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayenera kukonzedwa, ndipo chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusankhidwa.
Chifukwa matepi amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa poyerekeza ndi odula mphero ndi zida zotopetsa.Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito matepi pokonza zitsulo zotayidwa pokonza zida za aluminiyamu ndikosavuta kupangitsa kuti ulusi uduke, zomangira mwachisawawa kapenanso kusweka kwapampopi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zogwirira ntchito ziwonongeke.Kachiwiri, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pa kusiyana pakati pa matepi obowola-bowo ndi akhungu-bowo.Kalozera wakutsogolo wa matepi akubowo ndiatali, ndipo kuchotsa chip ndikuchotsa kutsogolo.Mapeto a kutsogolo kwa kalozera wabowo ndiafupi, ndipo kutulutsa chip ndiko kuthamangitsa chip kumbuyo.Mabowo akhungu amakonzedwa ndi matepi obowola, ndipo kuya kwa ulusi sikungatsimikizidwe.Kuphatikiza apo, ngati chuck yosinthika yosinthika ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ziyenera kuzindikirikanso kuti m'mimba mwake wa shank wapampopi ndi m'lifupi mwa bwalo liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi la chuck;m'mimba mwake wa shank wapampopi wokhotakhota wokhazikika uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi m'mimba mwake wa jekete la masika.Mwachidule, kusankha wololera wa matepi akhoza kuonetsetsa patsogolo bwino processing.
1.4 NC kukonza makina a tap Machining
Kupanga ma tap Machining ndikosavuta.Tsopano malo opangira makina nthawi zambiri amalimbitsa gawo laling'ono, perekani mtengo uliwonse.Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti machitidwe osiyanasiyana owongolera manambala ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana a subprogram, ndipo matanthauzo a magawo ena ndi osiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, SIEMEN840C control system, mawonekedwe ake amapulogalamu ndi: G84 X_Y_R2_ R3_R4_R5_R6_R7_R8_R9_R10_R13_.Muyenera kupatsa magawo 12 awa pokonza mapulogalamu.
2. Njira yophera ulusi
2.1 Makhalidwe a mphero ya ulusi
Kugaya ulusi ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito chida chophera ulusi, kulumikizana kwa ma axis atatu a malo opangira makina, ndiko kuti, X, Y axis circular interpolation, ndi njira ya Z axis linear feed mphero pokonza ulusi.
Kupera kwa ulusi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokonza ulusi wa dzenje lalikulu ndi mabowo opangidwa ndi makina ovuta.Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi izi:
(1) Liwiro processing ndi kudya, dzuwa ndi mkulu, ndi mwatsatanetsatane processing ndi mkulu.Chidacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi simenti ya carbide, ndipo liwiro lodulira limakhala lachangu.Chidacho chimapangidwa mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri, kotero kuti ulusi wa mphero ndiwokwera kwambiri.
(2) Zida zophera zili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Malingana ngati phula liri lofanana, ziribe kanthu ndi ulusi wa kumanzere kapena ulusi wamanja, chida chimodzi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito, chomwe chiri chopindulitsa kuchepetsa mtengo wa chida.
(3) Kugaya ndikosavuta kuchotsa tchipisi ndikuziziritsa.Poyerekeza ndi matepi, kudula kumakhala bwinoko.Ndizoyenera kwambiri pokonza ulusi wazinthu zovuta ku makina monga aluminiyamu, mkuwa, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Ndikoyenera kwambiri kulumikiza zigawo zazikulu ndi zigawo za zipangizo zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zingatsimikizire ubwino wa ulusi ndi chitetezo cha workpiece.
⑷ Chifukwa palibe chiwongolero chakutsogolo, ndichoyenera kukonza mabowo akhungu okhala ndi mabowo afupiafupi apansi ndi mabowo opanda ma undercuts.
2.2 Gulu la zida zogaya ulusi
Zida zogaya ulusi zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri, imodzi ndi chodulira chophatikizira cha carbide, chinacho ndi chodulira chophatikizira cha carbide.Chida chomangira makina chimakhala ndi ntchito zambiri, ndipo chimatha kupanga mabowo okhala ndi ulusi wozama osakwana kutalika kwa choyikapo, kapena mabowo okhala ndi ulusi wozama kuposa kutalika kwa choyikapo.Odula mphero zolimba za carbide nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabowo amakina okhala ndi ulusi wozama wocheperako kutalika kwa chida.
2.3 NC kukonza mapulogalamu a ulusi
Kukonzekera kwa zida zogaya ulusi ndizosiyana ndi mapulogalamu a zida zina.Ngati pulogalamu yokonza ndi yolakwika, n'zosavuta kuwononga zida kapena zolakwika za ulusi.Pokonza, tcherani khutu ku mfundo zotsatirazi:
⑴ Choyamba, dzenje la pansi liyenera kukonzedwa bwino, dzenje laling'ono laling'ono liyenera kukonzedwa ndi kubowola, ndipo dzenje lalikulu liyenera kukonzedwa ndi bore kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa dzenje la pansi.
(2) Podula mkati ndi kunja, chidacho chiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yozungulira yozungulira, nthawi zambiri 1/2 bwalo podula kapena kutuluka, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, njira ya Z-axis iyenera kuyenda 1/2 phula kuti muwonetsetse mawonekedwe. wa ulusi.Mtengo wamalipiro wa chida uyenera kubweretsedwa panthawiyi.
⑶ X, Y axis arc interpolation paulendo umodzi, spindle iyenera kuyenda phula limodzi motsatira njira ya Z, apo ayi, ulusiwo umakhala wopotoka.
⑷ Pulogalamu yapadera yachitsanzo: kutalika kwa ulusi wodula mphero ndi Φ16, dzenje la ulusi ndi M48 × 1.5, ndipo kuya kwa dzenje la ulusi ndi 14.
The processing ndondomeko ndi motere:
(Njira ya dzenje la pansi lazimitsidwa, dzenjelo liyenera kukhala dzenje lotopetsa)
G0 G90 G54 X0 Y0
G0 Z10 M3 S1400 M8
G0 Z-14.75 Dyetsani mpaka kukuya kwa ulusi
G01 G41 X-16 Y0 F2000 Pitani kumalo odyetserako ndikuwonjezera chipukuta misozi
G03 X24 Y0 Z-14 I20 J0 F500 Gwiritsani ntchito bwalo la 1/2 kuti mudule
G03 X24 Y0 Z0 I-24 J0 F400 Dulani ulusi wonse
G03 X-16 Y0 Z0.75 I-20 J0 F500 Mukadula, gwiritsani ntchito 1/2 arc yozungulira kuti mudulire G01 G40 X0 Y0 Bwererani pakati, chotsani chipukuta misozi.
G0 Z100
M30
3. Njira yosankha ndi kugwetsa
3.1 Makhalidwe a njira yosankha ndi batani
Mabowo akuluakulu okhala ndi ulusi nthawi zina amatha kukumana nawo pamabokosi.Popanda matepi ndi zodulira ulusi, njira yofanana ndi kutola lathe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Ikani chida chotembenuza ulusi pa bar yotopetsa kuti ulusi ukhale wotopetsa.
Kampaniyo yakonza magawo angapo, ulusi ndi M52x1.5, ndipo malo ndi 0.1mm (onani Chithunzi 1).Chifukwa cha malo apamwamba komanso dzenje lalikulu la ulusi, ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito kampopi pokonza, ndipo palibe chodula ulusi.Pambuyo kuyezetsa, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yonyamula ndi kutsekereza kuonetsetsa zofunikira pakukonza.
3.2 Kusamala panjira yosankha ndikugwetsa
⑴ Mitsuko ikayamba, payenera kukhala nthawi yochedwetsa kuti spindle ifike pa liwiro lake.
(2) Pochotsa chidacho, ngati ndi chida cha ulusi wapansi pamanja, popeza chidacho sichingapangidwe molingana, chida chosinthira sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubweza.Kuzungulira kwa spindle kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chidacho chimayenda mozungulira, kenako chidacho chimachotsedwa.
⑶ Kapangidwe ka arbor kuyenera kukhala kolondola, makamaka malo a kerf ayenera kukhala osasinthasintha.Ngati sizikugwirizana, kukonza zida zamitundu yambiri sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito.Apo ayi, zidzayambitsa chisokonezo.
⑷ Ngakhale ndi lamba lopyapyala kwambiri, sayenera kuthyola ndi mpeni umodzi potola, apo ayi lingayambitse kuthothoka kwa mano komanso kusalimba pamwamba.Iyenera kugawidwa m'mabala osachepera awiri.
⑸ Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndikocheperako, ndipo ndikoyenera kwamagulu ang'onoang'ono a chidutswa chimodzi, ulusi wapadera komanso palibe zida zofananira.
3.3 Mapulogalamu achitsanzo apadera
N5 G90 G54 G0 X0 Y0
N10 Z15
N15 S100 M3 M8
Kuchedwa kwa N20 G04 X5, pangitsa kuti spindle ifike pa liwiro lovotera
N25 G33 Z-50 K1.5 kusankha batani
N30 M19 Spindle orientation
N35 G0 X-2 lolani mpeni
N40 G0 Z15 Retract chida
4. Mwachidule
Mwachidule, njira zopangira ulusi m'malo opangira makina a cnc makamaka zimaphatikizira pompopi, kukonza mphero ndi kutola.Kukonza kwapampopi ndi mphero ndi njira zazikulu zopangira, ndipo njira yotolera ndi njira yanthawi yochepa chabe.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-13-2022