Ulusi umagawidwa makamaka mu ulusi wolumikiza ndi ulusi wotumizira.Pakulumikiza ulusi, njira zazikulu zopangira ndi: kugogoda, kulumikiza, kutembenuza, kugudubuza ndi kugudubuza, etc.;pa ulusi wopatsirana, njira zazikulu zosinthira ndi: kutembenuza movutikira, kupukuta-kumaliza, ndi zina.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mfundo ya ulusi kungayambike m’zaka za m’ma 220 BC, pamene katswiri wachigiriki Archimedes anapanga chida chonyamulira madzi wononga.M’zaka za m’ma 400 AD, mfundo ya mabawuti ndi mtedza inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa makina osindikizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo m’mayiko a ku Mediterranean.Panthaŵiyo, ulusi wakunjawo unkakulungidwa ndi chingwe chozungulira cylindrical bar, ndiyeno ankasema motsatira chizindikirochi, pamene ulusi wamkati nthawi zambiri unkapangidwa mwa kumenya ulusi wakunja ndi chinthu chofewa.
Cha m'ma 1500, pazithunzi za chipangizo chopangira ulusi chojambulidwa ndi Leonardo da Vinci waku Italiya, lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito wononga chachikazi ndi giya yosinthira kukonza ulusi wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana laperekedwa.Kuyambira pamenepo, njira yodulira ulusi mwa makina yayambika m’makampani opanga mawotchi ku Ulaya.
Mu 1760, abale a ku Britain J. Wyatt ndi W. Wyatt anapeza chilolezo chodulira zitsulo zamatabwa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera.Mu 1778, British J. Ramsden nthawi ina anapanga chipangizo chodulira ulusi choyendetsedwa ndi mphutsi ya mphutsi, yomwe imatha kukonza ulusi wautali molunjika kwambiri.Mu 1797, Mngelezi H. Maudsley adagwiritsa ntchito screw yachikazi ndi zida zosinthira kutembenuza ulusi wachitsulo wamitundu yosiyanasiyana pa lathe yomwe iye adakonza, ndikuyika njira yoyambira yokhotakhota.
M'zaka za m'ma 1820, Maudsley adatulutsa matepi oyambirira ndipo amafa chifukwa cha ulusi.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, chitukuko cha makampani opanga magalimoto chinalimbikitsanso kukhazikika kwa ulusi ndi chitukuko cha njira zosiyanasiyana zowonetsera komanso zogwira mtima.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitu yotsegulira yokha ndi matepi ocheperako okha adapangidwa motsatizana, ndipo mphero ya ulusi idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, ulusi ukupera udawonekera.
Ngakhale ukadaulo wogubuduza ulusi unali wovomerezeka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, chifukwa cha zovuta kupanga nkhungu, chitukukocho chinali chodekha kwambiri mpaka Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1942-1945), chifukwa cha zosowa za zida zankhondo komanso kukula kwa ulusi ulusi. teknoloji Kukula kofulumira kunatheka kokha pambuyo pothetsa vuto lolondola la kupanga nkhungu.
Gulu loyamba: kudula ulusi
Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza njira yopangira ulusi pazinthu zogwirira ntchito ndi zida zopangira kapena zida zonyezimira, makamaka kuphatikiza kutembenuza, mphero, kugogoda, kugaya ulusi, kupera ndi kudula kamvuluvulu.Potembenuza, mphero ndi ulusi wopera, unyolo wotumizira wa chida cha makina umatsimikizira kuti chida chotembenuza, chodula mphero kapena gudumu lopukuta chimayenda ndendende komanso molingana chitsogozo chimodzi panjira ya workpiece pakusintha kulikonse kwa workpiece.Pogogoda kapena ulusi, chida (pampopi kapena kufa) ndi workpiece atembenuza wachibale wina ndi mzake, ndi chida (kapena workpiece) motsogozedwa ndi poyamba anapanga ulusi poyambira kusuntha axially.
01 Kusintha kwa ulusi
Kutembenuza ulusi pa lathe kumatha kuchitidwa ndi chida chotembenuza kapena chipeso cha ulusi.Kutembenuza ulusi ndi chida chosinthira ndi njira yodziwika yopangira chidutswa chimodzi ndi kagulu kakang'ono kamagulu opangira ulusi chifukwa cha chida chosavuta;kutembenuza ulusi ndi chida chophatikizira ulusi kumakhala bwino kwambiri, koma mawonekedwe a zida ndi ovuta komanso oyenera kupanga batch yapakati komanso yayikulu.Kutembenuza zingwe zazifupi zogwirira ntchito ndi mawu abwino.Kulondola kwa phula kwa lathes wamba potembenuza ulusi wa trapezoidal kumatha kufika 8 mpaka 9 magiredi (JB2886-81, chimodzimodzi pansipa);Kupanga ulusi pazingwe zapadera za ulusi kumatha kukulitsa zokolola kapena kulondola.
02 Kupanga ulusi
Kupera ndi disc kapena chocheka zisa pa mphero ya ulusi.
Zodula mphero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pogaya ulusi wakunja wa trapezoidal pazinthu zogwirira ntchito monga screw ndi nyongolotsi.Chodula chofanana ndi chipeso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popera ulusi wamkati ndi kunja ndi ulusi wopindika.Popeza amagayidwa ndi chodula chamitundu yambiri ndipo kutalika kwa gawo lake logwirira ntchito ndi lalikulu kuposa kutalika kwa ulusi womwe uyenera kukonzedwa, chogwiriracho chimangofunika kuzunguliridwa 1.25 mpaka 1.5 kutembenuka.Zachitika ndi zokolola zambiri.Kulondola kwa phula kwa mphero ya ulusi nthawi zambiri kumatha kufika giredi 8 mpaka 9, ndipo kuuma kwapamtunda ndi ma microns a R5 mpaka 0.63.Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kupanga unyinji wa ulusi workpieces mwatsatanetsatane ambiri kapena roughing pamaso akupera.
03 Kutaya ulusi
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokonza ulusi wolondola wa zida zolimba pa makina opera ulusi.Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a gudumu lopera, amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: gudumu lopera la mzere umodzi ndi gudumu lopukuta la mizere yambiri.Kulondola kwa phula komwe kungapezeke ndi kupera kwa magudumu a mzere umodzi ndi magiredi 5 mpaka 6, ndipo kuuma kwapamtunda ndi ma microns a R1.25 mpaka 0.08, omwe ndi osavuta pogaya magudumu.Njirayi ndi yoyenera kugaya zomangira zolondola, zoyezera ulusi, nyongolotsi, timagulu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono ta ulusi ndi mpumulo.Mipikisano mizere akupera gudumu akupera amagawidwa longitudinal akupera njira ndi agwere akupera njira.M’njira yopera yautali, m’lifupi mwa gudumu lopera ndi locheperapo kusiyana ndi kutalika kwa ulusi woti ausike, ndipo gudumu lopera limayenda motalika kamodzi kapena kangapo kuti upere ulusiwo ufikire kukula kwake.M'lifupi mwa gudumu lopera la njira yoperayo ndi yokulirapo kuposa kutalika kwa ulusi wopukutidwa.Gudumu lopera limadulidwa pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito mozungulira, ndipo chogwiriracho chimatha kugwa bwino pambuyo pa kusinthika kwa 1.25.Zokolola ndizokwera, koma kulondola kumakhala kotsika pang'ono, ndipo kuvala kwa magudumu okupera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.Plunge grinding ndi koyenera pogaya magulu akuluakulu a matepi komanso pogaya ulusi wina pomanga.
04 Kutaya ulusi
Chida chopukusira ulusi wamtundu wa nati kapena wononga chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zofewa monga chitsulo choponyedwa, ndipo gawo la ulusi wokonzedwa pa workpiece ndi vuto la phula limazunguliridwa ndikuyikidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kuti liwongolere kulondola kwa phula. .Ulusi wolimba wamkati nthawi zambiri umadulidwa kuti athetse kupindika ndikuwongolera kulondola.
05 Kuwombera ndi kuluka
Kugogoda: Ndiko kukhomera mpopi mu dzenje lobowoledwa kale pa chogwirira ntchito ndi torque inayake kuti mukonze ulusi wamkati.
Ulusi: Ndiko kudula ulusi wakunja pa bar (kapena chitoliro) chogwirira ntchito ndi kufa.Kulondola kwa makina pogogoda kapena kulumikiza kumadalira kulondola kwa mpopi kapena kufa.
Ngakhale pali njira zambiri zopangira ulusi wamkati ndi kunja, ulusi wamkati waung'ono ukhoza kukonzedwa ndi matepi.Kugogoda ndi ulusi kungathe kuchitidwa ndi manja, komanso ndi lathes, makina osindikizira, makina opopera ndi makina opangira ulusi.
Gulu lachiwiri: kugudubuza ulusi
The processing njira ya plastically deforming workpiece ndi kupanga anagubuduza kufa kupeza ulusi.Kugudubuza ulusi nthawi zambiri kumachitika pamakina ogubuduza ulusi kapena pa lathe lodziwikiratu lomwe limakhala ndi mutu womwe umakhala wotsegula ndi kutseka.Ulusi wakunja wopangira kuchuluka kwa zomangira zokhazikika ndi zolumikizira zina zolumikizidwa.Kuzungulira kwakunja kwa ulusi wokulungidwa nthawi zambiri sikuposa 25 mm, kutalika kwake sikuposa 100 mm, kulondola kwa ulusi kumatha kufika pamlingo wa 2 (GB197-63), ndipo m'mimba mwake wa ulusi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wofanana ndi phula. awiri a ulusi wokonzedwa.Kugudubuza nthawi zambiri sikungathe kupanga ulusi wamkati, koma kwa zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi zida zofewa, kampopi wopanda grooveless angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuziziritsa ulusi wamkati (kuzama kwake kumatha kufika pafupifupi 30 mm).Mfundo yogwira ntchito ndi yofanana ndi kugogoda.Makokedwe omwe amafunikira pakuzizira kwa ulusi wamkati ndi wokulirapo kuwirikiza ka 1 kuposa kugunda, ndipo kulondola kwa makina ndi mtundu wapamtunda ndizokwera pang'ono kuposa zopopera.
Ubwino wakugudubuza ulusi: ①Kukhwinyata kwa pamwamba ndi kochepa kuposa kutembenuka, mphero ndi kugaya;②Kulimba ndi kulimba kwa ulusi pambuyo pakugudubuza kumatha kuwongolera chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa ntchito;③Mlingo wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndiwokwera;④Zokolola zimachulukitsidwa kawiri poyerekeza ndi kudula, ndipo ndikosavuta kuzindikira makina;⑤ Moyo wogubuduza ndi wautali kwambiri.Komabe, ulusi wogubuduza umafuna kuti kuuma kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito sikudutsa HRC40;kulondola kwa dimensional kwa chopanda kanthu ndikwambiri;kulondola ndi kuuma kwa kufa kwa gudumu kulinso kwakukulu, ndipo ndizovuta kupanga kufa;siyoyenera kugudubuza ulusi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a asymmetric dzino.
Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kugubuduza, kugudubuza ulusi kungathe kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kugudubuza ulusi ndi kugudubuza ulusi.
06 Kuthamanga kwa ulusi
Zingwe ziwiri zopindika za ulusi zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a ulusi amapangidwa moyang'anizana ndi phula la 1/2, mbale yosasunthika imakhazikika, ndipo mbale yosuntha imayenda mozungulira mofananira ndi mbale yosasunthika.Pamene workpiece imatumizidwa pakati pa mbale ziwirizo, mbale yosuntha imapita patsogolo ndikupukuta workpiece kuti iwonongeke pamwamba kuti ipange ulusi.
07 Kuthamanga kwa ulusi
Pali mitundu itatu ya ulusi wozungulira, ulusi wopindika komanso ulusi wozungulira.
①Kugudubuzika kwa ulusi: 2 (kapena 3) mawilo ogudubuza ulusi okhala ndi mbiri ya ulusi amayikidwa pamiyendo yofanana, chogwirira ntchito chimayikidwa pa chothandizira pakati pa mawilo awiriwo, ndipo mawilo awiriwo amazungulira liwiro lomwelo mbali imodzi.Gudumu limapanganso kayendedwe ka radial feed.Chogwirira ntchito chimazunguliridwa ndi gudumu lakugudubuza ulusi, ndipo pamwamba pake amatuluka mozungulira kuti apange ulusi.Kwa zomangira zina zotsogola zomwe sizifuna kulondola kwambiri, njira yofananira ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga mipukutu.
②Kugudubuza kwa ulusi: Kumadziwikanso kuti kugudubuzika kwa ulusi wa mapulaneti, chida chogudubuza chimakhala ndi gudumu lozungulira lapakati ndi mbale zitatu zokhazikika zooneka ngati arc.Pakugubuduza ulusi, chogwiriracho chimatha kudyetsedwa mosalekeza, kotero kuti zokolola zake zimakhala zapamwamba kuposa za ulusi wozungulira ndi ulusi wa radial.
③ Mutu wopukutira ulusi: Imapangidwa pa lathe yodziwikiratu ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi waufupi pa chogwirira ntchito.Pali 3 mpaka 4 mawilo ogubuduza ulusi omwe amagawidwa mofanana pamphepete mwa kunja kwa workpiece mumutu wogubuduza.Pakugubuduza ulusi, chogwirira ntchito chimazungulira ndipo mutu wogudubuza umadya axially kuti utulutse ulusiwo.
Zithunzi za EDM08
Kukonza kwa ulusi wamba nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito malo opangira makina kapena zida ndi zida, ndipo nthawi zina kugogoda pamanja kumathekanso.Komabe, nthawi zina zapadera, njira pamwamba si zophweka kupeza zotsatira zabwino processing, monga kufunika makina ulusi pambuyo kutentha mankhwala mbali chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza, kapena chifukwa cha zopinga zakuthupi, monga kufunika ndikupeza mwachindunji pa carbide. workpieces.Panthawiyi, m'pofunika kuganizira njira yopangira EDM.
Poyerekeza ndi njira yopangira makina, ndondomeko ya EDM ili mu dongosolo lomwelo, ndipo dzenje la pansi liyenera kukumbidwa poyamba, ndipo m'mimba mwake pansi pa dzenje liyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito.Elekitirodi iyenera kupangidwa kuti ikhale yofanana ndi ulusi, ndipo electrode iyenera kusinthasintha panthawi yokonza makina.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-06-2022